The Museum's collections primarily consist of ethnographic art from prehistoric to contemporary times. Its major focus is the material culture of native America (North, Central and South). However, it also has a growing number of comparative objects from Africa (Western and Central) and Asia (East, Southeast and South Pacific). Select pieces are highlighted six to eight times a year in temporary and semi-permanent exhibits. Others are displayed in off-site exhibits throughout Southeastern Oklahoma.

Collections continues to grow by with several hundred items each year. The majority come through donation, made by contributors throughout the country. They recognize the value of making important cultural objects available to audiences who are otherwise deprived of opportunities to appreciate and learn from fine examples of craftsmanship by artisans all over the world.